See gleiwos on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "gloev"
}
],
"lang": "Old Breton",
"lang_code": "obt",
"word": "gloeu"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "gluw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "gloyw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "gloyw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "gloyw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "gloew"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "gloyw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "gloev"
}
],
"lang": "Old Welsh",
"lang_code": "owl",
"word": "gloiu"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*gluɨw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "glé"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "glè"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "glé"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Glēvum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰley-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰley-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰley-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰel- (“to shine”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gliwēną",
"3": "",
"4": "to shine, glitter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gliwēną (“to shine, glitter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gljá"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gljá",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glīmaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *glīmaną (“to shine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gleam"
},
"expansion": "English gleam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χλιαίνω",
"3": "",
"4": "warm"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χλιαίνω (khliaínō, “warm”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰley-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰel- (“to shine”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *gliwēną (“to shine, glitter”) (compare Old Norse gljá), Proto-Germanic *glīmaną (“to shine”) (compare English gleam), Ancient Greek χλιαίνω (khliaínō, “warm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwyoses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwyoses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwyosam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwyosans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwisos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwisom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwisei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwisbos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwisī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwisbis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*gleiwos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gleiw"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gleiwos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shining, clear, sparkling"
],
"id": "en-gleiwos-cel-pro-adj-g8ZNPoP4",
"links": [
[
"shining",
"shining"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"sparkling",
"sparkling"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "gleiwos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "gloev"
}
],
"lang": "Old Breton",
"lang_code": "obt",
"word": "gloeu"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "gluw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "gloyw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "gloyw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "gloyw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "gloew"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "gloyw"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "gloev"
}
],
"lang": "Old Welsh",
"lang_code": "owl",
"word": "gloiu"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*gluɨw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "glé"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "glè"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "glé"
},
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Glēvum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰley-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰley-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰley-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰel- (“to shine”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gliwēną",
"3": "",
"4": "to shine, glitter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gliwēną (“to shine, glitter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gljá"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse gljá",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*glīmaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *glīmaną (“to shine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gleam"
},
"expansion": "English gleam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χλιαίνω",
"3": "",
"4": "warm"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χλιαίνω (khliaínō, “warm”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰley-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰel- (“to shine”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *gliwēną (“to shine, glitter”) (compare Old Norse gljá), Proto-Germanic *glīmaną (“to shine”) (compare English gleam), Ancient Greek χλιαίνω (khliaínō, “warm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwyoses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwyoses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwyosam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwyosans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwisos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwisom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwisei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwisbos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwisī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwisbis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gleiwis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*gleiwos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gleiw"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gleiwos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰley-",
"Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"shining, clear, sparkling"
],
"links": [
[
"shining",
"shining"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"sparkling",
"sparkling"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "gleiwos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gleiwos meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-09-20 using wiktextract (ea0d853 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.